FORA 400 is a water quenched martensitic steel, with a typical hardness of 400HB (42.5 HRC), constituting a real answer to abrasive wear. Thanks to its toughness, its elevated hardness, its high yield strength, FORA 400 can be used wherever resistance to wear by sliding or by moderate impacts is required.
Compared to conventional steels, such as S355, FORA 400 offers a real benefit to equipment life times and allows a significant thickness reduction in designs since its wear resistance is up to 3 times longer than S355 grade.
Moreover, FORA 400 is very easily welded and has good forming properties thereby contributing to ease of fabrication.
Typical Applications: This steel is particularly suitable for applications in:
· Quarries, construction and earthmoving: skimmers, crushers, screens, bunkers, bulldozers etc.
· Cement plants: buckets, crushers and bunkers.
· Mines: excavator, winding and discharging machines, conveyors, etc.
· Iron and steel industries: Bunkers, various casing, guide and shifting plates, etc.
Chemical Analysis
Guaranteed maximum values (% weight)
|
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
B |
|
0.20 |
1.4 |
0.02 |
0.003 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.003 |
Th = 4/20mm (0.16”/0.78”) Ceq ≤ 0.45%
|
Th > 50.01mm (>1.97”) Ceq ≤ 0.64%
Mechanical Properties
Typical values
|
Hardness |
Yield Strength ¹ |
UTS ¹ |
E 5.65 √S⑴ (%) |
KCV Transv. - 20°C (- 4°F) |
KCV Transv. - 40°C (- 40°F) |
|
400HB |
1100 N/mm ² |
1350 N/mm ² |
13 |
35J/cm²(t=15mm) 65J/cm²(t= 5mm) |
20J/cm²(t=15mm) 45J/cm²(t= 5mm) |
|
42.5 HRC |
160 Ksi |
195 Ksi |
13 |
21ft.lbs(t=15mm) 38ft.lbs(t= 5mm) |
12ft.lbs(t=15mm) 27ft.lbs(t= 5mm) |
Guaranteed hardness in delivery condition: 360/440HB (39/47 HRC)
¹ Prismatic tensile probes
Processing
Cutting
All the classical thermal cutting processes are compatible with FORA 400 (gas, plasma, laser).
Plates between 4mm to 40mm (0.16” to 1.6”) thick do not require preheating provided that thermal cutting is performed at a temperature greater than 10°C (50°F). Where this is not the case or where the plates are thicker than 40mm (1.6”) preheating at 100 - 150°C (200-300°F) is recommended.
Thickness →Cutting Temperature ↓ |
4 - 40mm (0.16” – 1.6”) |
> 40mm > 1.6" |
|
≥ 10°C (50°F) |
No preheating |
Preheating at 100 - 150°C (212 - 302°F) |
|
< 10°C (50°F) |
Preheating at 100 - 150°C (212 - 302°F) |
|
Water jet cutting or shearing can also be used.
Machining
Drilling and milling should be performed with supercarburized cobalt high-speed steel type HSSCO, using wherever possible an oil lubricant. However, classical high-speed steels can be used. The typical cutting parameters are:
Drilling |
Ø = 10mm |
Ø = 20mm |
Ø = 30mm |
|
Cutting Speed m/min ft/min |
6 - 12 20 - 40 |
6 - 12 20 - 40 |
6 - 12 20 - 40 |
|
Rotational Speed rev/min |
190 - 380 |
90 - 190 |
60 - 120 |
|
Feed mm/rev |
0,1 |
0,2 |
0,3 |
Tapping |
Ø = 10mm |
Ø = 20mm |
Ø = 30mm |
|
Cutting Speed m/min ft/min |
2 - 4 6.5 - 13 |
2 - 4 6.5 - 13 |
2 - 4 6.5 - 13 |
|
Rotational Speed rev/min |
60 – 120 |
30 – 60 |
20 - 40 |
Milling |
Depth (mm) (inch) |
Cutting Speed (m/min) |
Reed (mm/tooth) |
|
HSSCO AR 12.0.5.5 (T15) |
1 (0.04) 4 (0.16) 8 (0.31) |
12 – 15 10 – 12 7 - 9 |
0.08 0.10 0.15 |
